Publications

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2024

Carrillo, C, Chang, A, Armstrong, H, Cairney, J, McAuley, D, and Trainor, LJ (2024). Auditory rhythm facilitates perception and action in children with probable Developmental Coordination Disorder. Scientific Reports, 14, 12203 View Abstract Information/Download Full text PDF

Dotov, D, Motsenyat, A, and Trainor, LJ (2024). Concurrent supra-postural auditory-hand coordination task affects postural control: Using sonification to explore environmental complexity in factors affecting fall risk. Sensors, 24(6), 1994 View Abstract Information/Download Full text PDF

Poikonen, H, Tervaniemi, M, and Trainor, L (2024). Cortical oscillations are modified by expertise in dance and music: Evidence from live dance audience. European Journal of Neuroscience View Abstract Full text PDF

Gervain, J, Kujala, T, Pena, M, Trainor, L, and Winkler, I (2024). Editorial: Early development of sound processing in the service of speech and music perception. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 18(1) View Abstract Full text PDF

McWeeny, S, Trainor, L, Armstrong, S, Bosnyak, D, Tawfik, H, and Bruce, I (2024). Evaluating a Hearing Loop Implementation for Live Orchestral Music Sean. PsyArXiv View Abstract Full text PDF

Dotov, D, Camarena, D, Harris, Z, Spyra, J, Gagliano, P, and Trainor, L (2024). If Turing played piano with an artificial partner. arXivLabs, 2402.08690 View Abstract Full text PDF

Edalati, M, Wallois, F, Ghostine, G, Kongolo, G, Trainor, L, and Moghimi, S (2024). Neural oscillations suggest periodicity encoding during auditory beat processing in the premature brain. Developmental Science, e13550 View Abstract Full text PDF

Pazdera, J and Trainor, L (2024). Pitch influences sensorimotor synchronization to auditory rhythms. PsyArXiv View Abstract Full text PDF

Nave, K, Carrillo, C, Jacoby, N, Trainor, LJ, and Hannon, E (2024). The development of rhythmic categories as revealed through an interative production task. Cognition, 242, 105634 View Abstract Information/Download Full text PDF

Pazdera, J, Rinaldi, O, and Trainor, L (2024). Timing-induced illusory percepts of pitch. PsyArXiv View Abstract Full text PDF

2023

Hunter, S, Flaten, E, Peterson, C, Gervain, J, Werker, JF, Trainor, L, and Finlay, BB (2023). Babies, bugs and brains: How the early microbiome associates with infant brain and behavior development. PLoS ONE, 18(8) View Abstract Information/Download Full text PDF

Virtala, P, Putkinen, V, Gallen, A, Theide, A, Trainor, LJ, and Kujala, T (2023). Beneficial effects of a music listening intervention on neural speech processing in 0–28-month-old children at risk for dyslexia.. Developmental Science, 26(5), e13426 View Abstract Information/Download Full text PDF

Large, EW, Roman, I, Kim, JC, Cannon, J, Pazdera, JK, Trainor, L, Rinzel, J, and Rose, A (2023). Dynamic models for musical rhythm perception and coordination. Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience, 17 View Abstract Information/Download Full text PDF

Nguyen, T, Flaten, E, Trainor, L, and Novembre, G (2023). Early social communication through music: State of the art and future perspectives. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 63(101279) View Abstract Information/Download Full text PDF

Davoudi, S, Schwartz, T, Labbe, A, Trainor, L, and Lippe, S (2023). Inter-individual variability during neurodevelopment: An investigation of linear and nonlinear resting-state EEG features in an age-homogenous group of infants. Cerebral Cortex, 33(13), 8734-8747 View Abstract Information/Download Full text PDF

Finnerty, R, McWeeny, S, and Trainor, L (2023). Online group music therapy: Proactive management of undergraduate students’ stress and anxiety. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 14(1183311) View Abstract Information/Download Full text PDF

Edalati, M, Wallois, F, Safaie, J, Ghostine, G, Kongolo, G, Trainor, L, and Moghimi, S (2023). Rhythm in the premature neonate brain: Very early processing of auditory beat and meter. Journal of Neuroscience, 43(15), 2794-2802 View Abstract Information/Download Full text PDF

Schellenberg, EG and Trainor, LJ (2023). Sandra Trehub (1938–2023). Music Perception, 40(4), 347-349 View Abstract Information/Download

Cameron, DJ, Caldarone, N, Psaris, M, Carrillo, C, and Trainor, L (2023). The complexity-aesthetics relationship for musical rhythm is more fixed than flexible: Evidence from children and expert dancers. Developmental Science, 26(5), 1-16 View Abstract Information/Download Full text PDF

2022

Clase, C, Dicks, E, Holden, R, Sood, M, Levin, A, Kalantar-Zadeh, K, Moore, L, Bartlett, S, Bello, A, Bohm, C, Bridgewater, D, Bouchard, J, Burger, D, Jesus Carrero, J, Donald, M, Elliott, M, Goldenberg, M, Jardine, M, Lam, N, Maddigan, W, Madore, F, Mavrakanas, T, Molnar, A, Ramesh Prasad, G, Rigatto, C, Tennankore, K, Torban, E, Trainor, L, White, C, and Hartwig, S (2022). Can Peer Review Be Kinder? Supportive Peer Review: A Re-Commitment to Kindness and a Call to Action. Canadian Journal of Kidney Health and Disease View Abstract Information/Download Full text PDF

Dotov, D, Delasanta, L, Cameron, DJ, Large, EW, and Trainor, L (2022). Collective dynamics support group drumming, reduce variability, and stabilize tempo drift. eLife, 11, 1-26 View Abstract Full text PDF

Wood, EA, Chang, A, Bosnyak, D, Klein, L, Baraku, E, Dotov, D, and Trainor, L (2022). Creating a shared musical interpretation: Changes in coordination dynamics while learning unfamiliar music together. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1-8 View Abstract Information/Download Full text PDF

Hewston, P, Kennedy, C, Ioannidis, G, Merom, D, Hladysh, G, Marr, S, Lee, J, Sztramko, R, Trainor, L, Grenier, A, Woolhouse, MH, Patterson, C, and Papaioannou, A (2022). Development of GERAS DANcing for Cognition and Exercise (DANCE): A feasibility study. Pilot and Feasibility Studies, 8(9) View Abstract Information/Download Full text PDF

Flaten, E, Marshall, S, Dittrich, A, and Trainor, L (2022). Evidence for imagined meter in infancy as shown by primed neural responses to an ambiguous rhythm. European Journal of Neuroscience., 55(8), 2003-2023 View Abstract Information/Download Full text PDF

Klein, L, Wood, EA, Bosnyak, D, and Trainor, L (2022). Follow the sound of my violin: Granger causality reflects information flow in sound. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 16 View Abstract Information/Download Full text PDF

Román-Caballero, R, Vadillo, R, Trainor, L, and Lupiáñez, J (2022). Please don’t stop the music: A meta-analysis of the cognitive and academic benefits of instrumental musical training in childhood and adolescence. Educational Research Review, 35(100436) View Abstract Information/Download Full text PDF

Chen, Y, Chang, A, Rosenberg, M, Feng, D, Scholl, B, and Trainor, L (2022). Taste typicality" is a foundational and multi-modal dimension of ordinary aesthetic experience. Current Biology, 32(8), 1837-1842.e3 View Abstract Information/Download Full text PDF

Prete, D, Heikoop, D, McGillivray, J, Reilly, J, and Trainor, L (2022). The sound of silence: Predictive error responses to unexpected sound omission in adults. European Journal of Neuroscience, 55(8), 1972-1985 View Abstract Information/Download Full text PDF

Cameron, DJ, Dotov, D, Flaten, E, Bosnyak, D, Hove, MJ, and Trainor, L (2022). Undetectable very-low frequency sound increases dancing at a live concert. Current Biology, 32(21), 1222-1223 View Abstract Full text PDF

2021

Chang, A, Bedoin, N, Canette, L, Nozaradan, S, Thompson, D, Corneyllie, A, Tillmann, B, and Trainor, LJ (2021). Atypical beta power fluctuation while listening to an isochronous sequence in dyslexia . Clinical Neurophysiology, 132(10), 2384-2390 View Abstract Information/Download Full text PDF

Chang, A, Kragness, HE, Tsou, W, Bosnyak, DJ, Thiede, A, and Trainor, LJ (2021). Body sway predicts romantic interest in speed dating. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 16(1-2), 185-192 View Abstract Information/Download Full text PDF

Dotov, D, Bosnyak, D, and Trainor, LJ (2021). Collective music listening: movement energy is enhanced by groove and visual social cues from other listeners. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 74(6), 1037-1053 View Abstract Information/Download Full text PDF

Dotov, D and Trainor, LJ (2021). Cross-frequency coupling explains the preference for simple ratios in rhythmic behaviour and the relative stability across non-synchronous patterns. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B(20200333) View Abstract Information/Download Full text PDF

Kragness, H, Eitel, M, Baksh, A, and Trainor, L (2021). Evidence for early arousal-based differentiation of emotions in children’s musical production. Developmental Science, 24(1) View Abstract Information/Download

Finnerty, R, Marshall, SA, Imbault, C, and Trainor, LJ (2021). Extra-Curricular Activities and Well-Being: Results From a Survey of Undergraduate University Students During COVID-19 Lockdown Restrictions. Frontiers in Psychology, 12(2316) View Abstract Information/Download Full text PDF

Chang, A, Li, Y, Chan, JF, Dotov, DG, Cairney, J, and Trainor, LJ (2021). Inferior Auditory Time Perception in Children With Motor Difficulties. Child Development, 92(5), e907-e923 View Abstract Information/Download Full text PDF

Hansen, N, Kragness, H, Vuust, P, Trainor, L, and Pearce, M (2021). Predictive uncertainty underlies auditory boundary perception. Psychological Science, 32(9), 1416-1425 View Abstract Information/Download Full text PDF

Lense, MD, Ladányi, E, Rabinowitch, T, Trainor, LJ, and Gordon, R (2021). Rhythm and timing as vulnerabilities in neurodevelopmental disorders. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 376(20200327) View Abstract Information/Download Full text PDF

de Reus, R, Soma, M, Gamba, M, de Heer Kloots, M, Lense, M, Bruno, J, Trainor, L, and Ravignani, A (2021). Rhythm in dyadic interactions. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society: B, 376(1835) View Abstract Information/Download Full text PDF

Nwebube, C, Faulkner, GE, Thaut, MH, Bartel, LR, Stukel, TA, Redelmeier, DA, Marzolini, S, Chen, JL, Gordon, JM, Oh, PI, Trainor, LJ, Wolpert, J, Grahn, JA, Raval, P, and Alter, DA (2021). Rhythmic Auditory Music Stimulation increases task-distraction during exercise among cardiac rehabilitation patients: A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 53, 101868 View Abstract Information/Download

2020

Tsang, C and Trainor, L (2020). An Exploration of the Relationships Between Perception, Production, Cognition and Environment in the Development of Singing in Children. In F. Russo, B. Ilari, A.J. Cohen (Eds.), Routledge Companion to Interdisciplinary Studies in Singing (1 ed.) (pp.tba). Routledge Taylor & Francis Group. View Abstract

Jacoby, N, Margulis, EH, Clayton, M, Hannon, E, Honing, H, Iversen, J, Klein, TR, Mehr, SA, Pearson, L, Peretz, I, Pearlman, J, Polak, R, Ravignani, A, Savage, PE, Steingo, G, Stevens, CJ, Trainor, LJ, Treheb, SE, Veal, M, and Wald-Fuhrmann, M (2020). Cross-Cultural Work in Music Cognition: Challenges, Insights, and Recommendations. Music Perception: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 37(3), 185-195 View Abstract Information/Download Full text PDF

Varlet, M, Nozaradan, S, Trainor, L, and Keller, PE (2020). Dynamic Modulation of Beta Band Cortico-Muscular Coupling Induced by Audio–Visual Rhythms. Cerebral Cortex Communications, 1, 1-13 View Abstract Information/Download Full text PDF

Many Babies Consortium (2020). Quantifying Sources of Variability in Infancy Research Using the Infant-Directed-Speech Preference. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 3(1), 24-52 View Abstract Full text PDF

Canette, LH, Fiveash, A, Krzonowski, J, Corneyllie, A, Lalitte, P, Thompson, D, Trainor, L, Bedoin, N, and Tillmann, B (2020). Regular rhythmic primes boost P600 in grammatical error processing in dyslexic adults and matched controls. Neuropsychologia, 138, 107324 View Abstract Information/Download Full text PDF

2019

Chang, A, Kragness, H, Livingstone, S, Bosnyak, D, and Trainor, L (2019). Body sway reflects joint emotional expression in music ensemble performance. Scientific Reports, 9(205) View Abstract Full text PDF

Corrigal, K and Trainor, L (2019). Electrophysiological correlates of key and harmony processing in 3-year-old children . Music Perception: An Interdisciplinary Journal(36), 435-447 View Abstract Full text PDF

Swarbrick, D, Bosnyak, D, Livingstone, SR, Bansal, J, Marsh-Rollo, S, Woolhouse, MH, and Trainor, LJ (2019). How Live Music Moves Us: Head Movement Differences in Audiences to Live Versus Recorded Music. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 2682 View Abstract Information/Download Full text PDF

Kragness, HE and Trainor, LJ (2019). Nonmusicians Express Emotions in Musical Productions Using Conventional Cues. Music & Science, 2, 1-13 View Abstract Information/Download Full text PDF

Trainor, LJ and Marsh Rollo, S (2019). Rhythm, meter and timing: The heartbeat of Musical Development. In M. Thaut & D. Hodges (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Music and the Brain (pp.592-622). Oxford: Oxford University Press. View Abstract

Chang, A, Bosnyak, DJ, and Trainor, LJ (2019). Rhythmicity facilitates pitch discrimination: Differential roles of low and high frequency neural oscillations. NeuroImage, 198, 31-43 View Abstract Information/Download Full text PDF

2018

Chang, A, Bosnyak, DJ, and Trainor, LJ (2018). Beta oscillatory power modulation reflects the predictability of pitch change. Cortex, 106, 248-260 View Abstract Information/Download Full text PDF

Cirelli LK, Wan, SJ, Johanis TC, and Trainor, LJ (2018). Infants’ use of interpersonal asynchrony as a signal for third-party affiliation. Music & Science View Abstract Full text PDF

Trainor, LJ, Chang, A, Cairney, J, and Li, Y (2018). Is auditory perceptual timing a core deficit of developmental coordination disorder?. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences View Abstract Information/Download Full text PDF

Cirelli, LK, Trehub, SE, and Trainor, LJ (2018). Rhythm and melody as social signals for infants. Annals of the New York Academy of Science, doi:10.1111/nyas.13580 View Abstract Full text PDF

Trainor, LJ (2018). The origins of music: Auditory scene analysis, evolution and culture in musical creation. In H. Honing (Eds.), The Origins of Musicality (pp.81-112). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. View Abstract

Kragness, H and Trainor, LJ (2018). Young children pause on phrase boundaries in self-paced music listening: The role of harmonic cues. Developmental Psychology, 54(5), 842-856 View Abstract Full text PDF

2017

Chang, A, Livingstone, SR, Bosnyak, DJ, and Trainor, LJ (2017). Body sway reflects leadership in joint music performance. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 114(21), E4134–E4141 View Abstract Information/Download Full text PDF

Cirelli, LK, Wan, SJ, Spinelli, C, and Trainor, LJ (2017). Effects of Interpersonal Movement Synchrony on Infant Helping Behaviors Is Music Necessary?. Music Perception: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 34(3), 319-326 View Abstract Full text PDF

Smith, NA, Folland, NA, Martinez, DM, and Trainor, LJ (2017). Multisensory object perception in infancy: 4-month-olds perceive a mistuned harmonic as a separate auditory and visual object. Cognition, 164, 1-7 View Abstract Full text PDF

Bergelson, E, Bergmann, C, Byers-Heinlein, K, Cristia, A, Cusack, R, Dyck, K, et al, and Yurovsky (2017). Quantifying sources of variability in infancy research using the infant-directed speech preference. View Abstract Information/Download Full text PDF

Slugocki, C, Bosynak, D, and Trainor, LJ (2017). Simultaneously-evoked auditory potentials (SEAP): A new method for concurrent measurement of cortical and subcortical auditory-evoked activity. Hearing Research, 345, 30-42 View Abstract Full text PDF

2016

Einarson, KM and Trainor, LJ (2016). Hearing the beat: Young children’s perceptual sensitivity to beat alignment varies according to metric structure. Music Perception, 34(1), 56-70 View Abstract Full text PDF

Kragness, H and Trainor, L (2016). Listeners Lengthen Phrase Boundaries in Self-Paced Music. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 42(10), 1676-1686 View Abstract Full text PDF

Cirelli, LK, Spinelli, C, Nozaradan, S, and Trainor, LJ (2016). Measuring Neural Entrainment to Beat and Meter in Infants: Effects of Music Background. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 10, 229 View Abstract Full text PDF

Cirelli, LK, Wan, SJ, and Trainor, LJ (2016). Social Effects of Movement Synchrony: Increased Infant Helpfulness only Transfers to Affiliates of Synchronously Moving Partners. Infancy, DOI 10.1111/infa.12140, 1-15 View Abstract Full text PDF

Bonin, TL, Trainor, LJ, Belyk, M, and Andrews, PW (2016). The source dilemma hypothesis: Perceptual uncertainty contributes to musical emotion. Cognition, 154, 174-181 View Abstract Full text PDF

Chang, A, Bosnyak, DJ, and Trainor, LJ (2016). Unpredicted Pitch Modulates Beta Oscillatory Power during Rhythmic Entrainment to a Tone Sequence. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 327 View Abstract Full text PDF

2015

Nakata, T and Trainor, LJ (2015). Perceptual and Cognitive Enhancement With an Adaptive Timing Partner: Electrophysiological Responses to Pitch Change. Psychomusicology: Music, Mind, and Brain, 25(4), 404-415 View Abstract

Fujioka, T, Ross, B, and Trainor, LJ (2015). Beta-Band Oscillations Represent Auditory Beat and Its Metrical Hierarchy in Perception and Imagery. The Journal of Neuroscience, 35(45), 15187-15198 View Abstract Full text PDF

Folland, NA, Butler, BE, Payne, JE, and Trainor, LJ (2015). Cortical representations sensitive to the number of perceived auditory objects emerge between 2 and 4 months of age: electrophysiological evidence. J Cogn Neurosci, 27(5), 1060-7 View Abstract Information/Download Full text PDF

Gingras, B, Honing, H, Peretz, I, Trainor, LJ, and Fisher, SE (2015). Defining the biological bases of individual differences in musicality. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci, 370(1664), 20140092 View Abstract Full text PDF

Merchant, H, Grahn, J, Trainor, LJ, Rohrmeier, M, and Fitch, WT (2015). Finding the beat: a neural perspective across humans and non-human primates. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal British Society B: Biology, 370(1664), 20140093 View Abstract Full text PDF

Trainor, LJ and Cirelli, L (2015). Rhythm and interpersonal synchrony in early social development. Ann N Y Acad Sci, 1337, 45-52 View Abstract Full text PDF

Einarson, KM and Trainor, LJ (2015). The Effect of Visual Information on Young Children’s Perceptual Sensitivity to Musical Beat Alignment. Timing & Time Perception, 3(1-2), 88-101 View Abstract

Butler, B and Trainor, LJ (2015). The Musician Redefined: A Behavioral Assessment of Rhythm Perception in Professional Club DJs. Timing & Time Perception, 3(1-2), 116-132 View Abstract

Trainor, LJ and Zatorre, RJ (2015). The Neurobiology of Musical Expectations from Perception to Emotion. In Susan Hallam, Ian Cross, Michael Thaut (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Music Psychology (second ed.) (pp.285-306). Oxford Handbooks. View Abstract

Trainor, LJ (2015). The origins of music in auditory scene analysis and the roles of evolution and culture in musical creation. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci, 370(1664), 20140089 View Abstract Full text PDF

2014

Cirelli, LK, Bosnyak, D, Manning, FC, Spinelli, C, Marie, C, Fujioka, T, Ghahremani, A, and Trainor, LJ (2014). Beat-induced fluctuations in auditory cortical beta-band activity: using EEG to measure age-related changes. Front Psychol, 5, 742 View Abstract Full text PDF

Slugocki, C and Trainor, LJ (2014). Cortical indices of sound localization mature monotonically in early infancy. Eur J Neurosci, 40(11), 3608-19 View Abstract Full text PDF

Marie, C and Trainor, LJ (2014). Early development of polyphonic sound encoding and the high voice superiority effect. Neuropsychologia, 57, 50-8 View Abstract

Corrigall, KA and Trainor, LJ (2014). Enculturation to musical pitch structure in young children: evidence from behavioral and electrophysiological methods. Dev Sci, 17(1), 142-58 View Abstract

Trainor, LJ, Marie, C, Bruce, IC, and Bidelman, GM (2014). Explaining the high voice superiority effect in polyphonic music: evidence from cortical evoked potentials and peripheral auditory models. Hear Res, 308, 60-70 View Abstract Full text PDF

Cirelli, LK, Wan, SJ, and Trainor, LJ (2014). Fourteen-month-old infants use interpersonal synchrony as a cue to direct helpfulness. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci, 369(1658), 20130400 View Abstract Full text PDF

Cirelli, LK, Einarson, KM, and Trainor, LJ (2014). Interpersonal synchrony increases prosocial behavior in infants. Dev Sci, 17(6), 1003-11 View Abstract Full text PDF

Hove, MJ, Marie, C, Bruce, IC, and Trainor, LJ (2014). Superior time perception for lower musical pitch explains why bass-ranged instruments lay down musical rhythms. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 111(28), 10383-8 View Abstract Full text PDF

2013

Trainor, LJ and He, C (2013). Auditory and Musical Development. In Philip David Zelazo (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Developmental Psychology (pp.310-337). Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press. View Abstract

Butler, BE and Trainor, LJ (2013). Brief pitch-priming facilitates infants' discrimination of pitch-evoking noise: evidence from event-related potentials. Brain Cogn, 83(3), 271-8 View Abstract

Trainor, LJ (2013). Development of Pitch Perception and the Processing of Simultaneous Sounds in Infancy. Canadian Hearing Report, 8(4), 35-36 View Abstract Full text PDF

Butler, BE, Folland, NA, and Trainor, LJ (2013). Development of pitch processing: infants' discrimination of iterated rippled noise stimuli with unresolved spectral content. Hear Res, 304, 1-6 View Abstract

Marie, C and Trainor, LJ (2013). Development of simultaneous pitch encoding: infants show a high voice superiority effect. Cereb Cortex, 23(3), 660-9 View Abstract Full text PDF

Friendly, RH, Rendall, D, and Trainor, LJ (2013). Learning to differentiate individuals by their voices: Infants' individuation of native- and foreign-species voices. Dev Psychobiol, 56(2), 228-37 View Abstract Full text PDF

Trainor, LJ and Hannon, EE (2013). Musical Development. In Diana Deutsch (Eds.), The Psychology of Music (Third ed.) (pp.423-497). London, UK: Elsevier Inc. View Abstract Full text PDF

Friendly, RH, Rendall, D, and Trainor, LJ (2013). Plasticity after perceptual narrowing for voice perception: reinstating the ability to discriminate monkeys by their voices at 12 months of age. Front Psychol, 4, 718 View Abstract Full text PDF

Fritz, J, Poeppel, D, Trainor, L, Schlaug, G, Patel, AD, Peretz, I, Rauscheker, JP, Halle, J, Stregapede, F, and Parsons, LM (2013). The Neurobiology of Language, Speech, and Music. In Michael A. Arbib (Eds.), Strüngmann Forum Reports, J. Lupp, series ed.: Language, Music, and the Brain (pp.417-459). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. View Abstract Full text PDF

2012

Gerry, D, Unrau, A, and Trainor, LJ (2012). Active music classes in infancy enhance musical, communicative and social development. Dev Sci, 15(3), 398-407 View Abstract Full text PDF

DePape, AR, Hall, GBC, Tillmann, B, and Trainor, LJ (2012). Auditory processing in high-functioning adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder. PLoS One, 7(9), 1-17 View Abstract Full text PDF

Trainor, LJ, Marie, C, Gerry, D, Whiskin, E, and Unrau, A (2012). Becoming musically enculturated: effects of music classes for infants on brain and behavior. Ann N Y Acad Sci, 1252, 129-38 View Abstract

Fujioka, T, Trainor, LJ, Large, EW, and Ross, B (2012). Internalized timing of isochronous sounds is represented in neuromagnetic beta oscillations. J Neurosci, 32(5), 1791-802 View Abstract Full text PDF

Trainor, LJ (2012). Musical experience, plasticity, and maturation: issues in measuring developmental change using EEG and MEG. Ann N Y Acad Sci, 1252, 25-36 View Abstract Full text PDF

Trainor, LJ (2012). Predictive information processing is a fundamental learning mechanism present in early development: evidence from infants. Int J Psychophysiol, 83(2), 256-8 View Abstract Full text PDF

Folland, NA, Butler, BE, Smith, NA, and Trainor, LJ (2012). Processing simultaneous auditory objects: infants' ability to detect mistuning in harmonic complexes. J Acoust Soc Am, 131(1), 993-7 View Abstract Information/Download Full text PDF

Butler, BE and Trainor, LJ (2012). Sequencing the Cortical Processing of Pitch-Evoking Stimuli using EEG Analysis and Source Estimation. Front Psychol, 3, 1-13 View Abstract Full text PDF

Marie, C, Fujioka, T, Herrington, L, and Trainor, LJ (2012). The high-voice superiority effect in polyphonic music is influenced by experience: A comparison of musicians who play Soprano-range compared to Bass-range instruments. Psychomusicology: Music, Mind, and Brain, 22(2), 97-104 View Abstract

Depape, AR, Chen, A, Hall, GBC, and Trainor, LJ (2012). Use of prosody and information structure in high functioning adults with autism in relation to language ability. Front Psychol, 3, 72 View Abstract Full text PDF

2011

Ravan, M, Reilly, JP, Trainor, LJ, and Khodayari-Rostamabad, A (2011). A machine learning approach for distinguishing age of infants using auditory evoked potentials. Clin Neurophysiol, 122(11), 2139-50 View Abstract Full text PDF

Corrigall, KA and Trainor, LJ (2011). Associations between length of music training and reading skills in children. Music Perception, 29(2), 147-155 View Abstract Full text PDF

Smith, NA and Trainor, LJ (2011). Auditory Stream Segregation Improves Infants' Selective Attention to Target Tones Amid Distractors. Infancy, 16(6), 655-668 View Abstract Full text PDF

Fujioka, T, Mourad, N, He, C, and Trainor, LJ (2011). Comparison of artifact correction methods for infant EEG applied to extraction of event-related potential signals. Clin Neurophysiol, 122(1), 43-51 View Abstract Full text PDF

Trainor, LJ, Lee, K, and Bosnyak, DJ (2011). Cortical plasticity in 4-month-old infants: specific effects of experience with musical timbres. Brain Topogr, 24(3-4), 192-203 View Abstract Full text PDF

Lappe, C, Trainor, LJ, Herholz, SC, and Pantev, C (2011). Cortical plasticity induced by short-term multimodal musical rhythm training. PLoS One, 6(6), e21493 View Abstract Full text PDF

Trainor, LJ and Unrau, A (2011). Development of Pitch and Music Perception. In Lynne Werner, Richard R. Fay and Arthur N. Popper (Eds.), Springer Handbook of Auditory Research: Human Auditory Development (pp.223-254). New York: Springer. View Abstract Full text PDF

Fujioka, T, Mourad, N, and Trainor, LJ (2011). Development of auditory-specific brain rhythm in infants. Eur J Neurosci, 33(3), 521-9 View Abstract Full text PDF

Beheshti, S, Ravan, M, Reilly, JP, and Trainor, LJ (2011). Mean-square error in periodogram approaches with adaptive windowing. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 59(3), 923-935 View Abstract Full text PDF

2010

Shahin, AJ, Trainor, LJ, Roberts, LE, Backer, KC, and Miller, LM (2010). Development of auditory phase-locked activity for music sounds. J Neurophysiol, 103(1), 218-29 View Abstract Full text PDF

Gerry, DW, Faux, AL, and Trainor, LJ (2010). Effects of Kindermusik training on infants' rhythmic enculturation. Dev Sci, 13(3), 545-51 View Abstract Full text PDF

Trainor, LJ and Corrigall, KA (2010). Music acquisition and effects of musical experience. In Mari Riess Jones, Richard R. Fay and Arthur N. Popper (Eds.), Springer Handbook of Auditory Research: Music Perception (pp.89-127). New York: Springer. View Abstract Full text PDF

Corrigall, KA and Trainor, LJ (2010). Musical enculturation in preschool children: Acquisition of key and harmonic knowledge. Music Perception, 28(2), 195-200 View Abstract Full text PDF

Trainor, LJ (2010). The emotional origins of music. Physics of Life Reviews, 7(1), 44-45 View Abstract Full text PDF

Trainor, LJ (2010). Using electroencephalography (EEG) to measure maturation of auditory cortex in infants: Processing pitch, duration and sound location. In R. E. Tremblay, R. G. Barr, R.deV. Peters, M. Boivin (Eds.), Encyclopedia on Early Childhood Development (pp.1-5). Centre of Excellence for Early Childhood Development. View Abstract Full text PDF

2009

Fujioka, T, Trainor, LJ, Large, EW, and Ross, B (2009). Beta and gamma rhythms in human auditory cortex during musical beat processing. Ann N Y Acad Sci, 1169, 89-92 View Abstract Full text PDF

He, C, Hotson, L, and Trainor, LJ (2009). Development of infant mismatch responses to auditory pattern changes between 2 and 4 months old. Eur J Neurosci, 29(4), 861-7 View Abstract Full text PDF

Corrigall, KA and Trainor, LJ (2009). Effects of musical training on key and harmony perception. Ann N Y Acad Sci, 1169, 164-8 View Abstract Full text PDF

Trainor, LJ and Unrau, A (2009). Extracting the beat: An experience-dependent complex integration of multisensory information involving multiple levels of the nervous system. Empirical Musicology Review, 4(1), 32-36 View Abstract Full text PDF

He, C and Trainor, LJ (2009). Finding the pitch of the missing fundamental in infants. J Neurosci, 29(24), 7718-8822 View Abstract Full text PDF

He, C, Hotson, L, and Trainor, LJ (2009). Maturation of cortical mismatch responses to occasional pitch change in early infancy: effects of presentation rate and magnitude of change. Neuropsychologia, 47(1), 218-29 View Abstract Full text PDF

Plantinga, J and Trainor, LJ (2009). Melody recognition by two-month-old infants. J Acoust Soc Am, 125(2), EL58-62 View Abstract Full text PDF

Tew, S, Fujioka, T, He, C, and Trainor, LJ (2009). Neural representation of transposed melody in infants at 6 months of age. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1169: The Neurosciences and Music III Disorders and Plasticity, 287-290 View Abstract Full text PDF

Trainor, LJ, Gao, X, Lei, J, Lehtovaara, K, and Harris, LR (2009). The primal role of the vestibular system in determining musical rhythm. Cortex, 45(1), 35-43 View Abstract Full text PDF

Trainor, LJ, Shahin, AJ, and Roberts, LE (2009). Understanding the benefits of musical training: effects on oscillatory brain activity. Ann N Y Acad Sci, 1169, 133-42 View Abstract Full text PDF

2008

Lappe, C, Herholz, SC, Trainor, LJ, and Pantev, C (2008). Cortical plasticity induced by short-term unimodal and multimodal musical training. J Neurosci, 28(39), 9632-9 View Abstract Full text PDF

Smith, NA and Trainor, LJ (2008). Infant-directed speech is modulated by infant feedback. Infancy, 13(4), 410-420 View Abstract Full text PDF

Plantinga, J and Trainor, LJ (2008). Infants' memory for isolated tones and the effects of interference. Music Perception, 26(2), 121-127 View Abstract Full text PDF

Shahin, AJ, Roberts, LE, Chau, W, Trainor, LJ, and Miller, LM (2008). Music training leads to the development of timbre-specific gamma band activity. Neuroimage, 41(1), 113-22 View Abstract Full text PDF

Fujioka, T, Trainor, LJ, and Ross, B (2008). Simultaneous pitches are encoded separately in auditory cortex: an MMNm study. Neuroreport, 19(3), 361-6 View Abstract Full text PDF

Smith, NA, Trainor, LJ, Gray, K, Plantinga, JA, and Shore, DI (2008). Stimulus, task, and learning effects on measures of temporal resolution: implications for predictors of language outcome. J Speech Lang Hear Res, 51(6), 1630-42 View Abstract Full text PDF

Trainor, LJ (2008). The neural roots of music. Nature, 453, 598-599 View Abstract Full text PDF

Trainor, LJ and Zatorre, RJ (2008). The neurobiological basis of musical expectations. In Susan Hallam, Ian Cross, and Michael Thaut (Eds.), Oxford Handbook of Music Psychology (pp.171-182). Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press. View Abstract Full text PDF

Phillips-Silver, J and Trainor, LJ (2008). Vestibular influence on auditory metrical interpretation. Brain Cogn, 67(1), 94-102 View Abstract Full text PDF

2007

Trainor, LJ (2007). Do preferred beat rate and entrainment to the beat have a common origin in movement?. Empirical Musicology Review, 2(1), 17-20 View Abstract Full text PDF

Trainor, LJ (2007). Event-Related Potential (ERP) Measures in Auditory Development Research. In Louis A. Schmidt and Sidney J Segalowitz (Eds.), Developmental Psychophysiology: Theory, Systems, and Methods (pp.69-102). New York: Cambridge University Press. View Abstract Full text PDF

Santesso, DL, Schmidt, LA, and Trainor, LJ (2007). Frontal brain electrical activity (EEG) and heart rate in response to affective infant-directed (ID) speech in 9-month-old infants. Brain Cogn, 65(1), 14-21 View Abstract Full text PDF

Phillips-Silver, J and Trainor, LJ (2007). Hearing what the body feels: auditory encoding of rhythmic movement. Cognition, 105(3), 533-46 View Abstract Full text PDF

He, C, Hotson, L, and Trainor, LJ (2007). Mismatch responses to pitch changes in early infancy. J Cogn Neurosci, 19(5), 878-92 View Abstract Full text PDF

Hannon, EE and Trainor, LJ (2007). Music acquisition: effects of enculturation and formal training on development. Trends Cogn Sci, 11(11), 466-72 View Abstract Full text PDF

2006

Sonnadara, RR, Alain, C, and Trainor, LJ (2006). Effects of spatial separation and stimulus probability on the event-related potentials elicited by occasional changes in sound location. Brain Res, 1071(1), 175-85 View Abstract Full text PDF

Trainor, LJ (2006). Innateness, learning, and the difficulty of determining whether music is an evolutionary adaptation: A commentary on Justus & Hutsler (2005) and McDermott & Hauser (2005). Music Perception, 24(1), 105-110 View Abstract Full text PDF

Sonnadara, RR, Alain, C, and Trainor, LJ (2006). Occasional changes in sound location enhance middle latency evoked responses. Brain Res, 1076(1), 187-92 View Abstract Full text PDF

Fujioka, T, Ross, B, Kakigi, R, Pantev, C, and Trainor, LJ (2006). One year of musical training affects development of auditory cortical-evoked fields in young children. Brain, 129(Pt 10), 2593-608 View Abstract Full text PDF

Smith, NA, Trainor, LJ, and Shore, DI (2006). The development of temporal resolution: between-channel gap detection in infants and adults. J Speech Lang Hear Res, 49(5), 1104-13 View Abstract Full text PDF

2005

Trainor, LJ (2005). Are there critical periods for musical development?. Dev Psychobiol, 46(3), 262-78 View Abstract Full text PDF

Fujioka, T, Trainor, LJ, Ross, B, Kakigi, R, and Pantev, C (2005). Automatic encoding of polyphonic melodies in musicians and nonmusicians. J Cogn Neurosci, 17(10), 1578-92 View Abstract Full text PDF

Phillips-Silver, J and Trainor, LJ (2005). Feeling the beat: movement influences infant rhythm perception. Science, 308(5727), 1430 View Abstract Full text PDF

Plantinga, J and Trainor, LJ (2005). Memory for melody: infants use a relative pitch code. Cognition, 98(1), 1-11 View Abstract Full text PDF

Shahin, A, Roberts, LE, Pantev, C, Trainor, LJ, and Ross, B (2005). Modulation of P2 auditory-evoked responses by the spectral complexity of musical sounds. Neuroreport, 16(16), 1781-5 View Abstract Full text PDF

Roberts, LE, Bosnyak, DJ, Shahin, A, and Trainor, LJ (2005). Neuroplastic adaptations of the auditory system in musicians and non-musicians. In Josef Syka and Michael M. Merzenich (Eds.), Plasticity and Signal Representation in the Auditory System (pp.387-394). Springer US. View Abstract Full text PDF

Sonnadara, RR and Trainor, LJ (2005). Perceived intensity effects in the octave illusion. Percept Psychophys, 67(4), 648-58 View Abstract Full text PDF

2004

Bondy, J, Becker, S, Bruce, I, Trainor, LJ, and Haykin, S (2004). A novel signal-processing strategy for hearing-aid design: neurocompensation. Signal Processing, 84(7), 1239-1253 View Abstract Full text PDF

Trainor, LJ, Sonnadara, R, Wiklund, K, Bondy, J, Gupta, S, Becker, S, Bruce, IC, and Haykin, S (2004). Development of a flexible, realistic hearing in noise test environment (R-HINT-E). Signal Processing, 84(2), 299-309 View Abstract Full text PDF

Trainor, LJ, Wu, L, and Tsang, CD (2004). Long-term memory for music: infants remember tempo and timbre. Dev Sci, 7(3), 289-96 View Abstract Full text PDF

Fujioka, T, Trainor, LJ, Ross, B, Kakigi, R, and Pantev, C (2004). Musical training enhances automatic encoding of melodic contour and interval structure. J Cogn Neurosci, 16(6), 1010-21 View Abstract Full text PDF

2003

Trainor, LJ, McFadden, M, Hodgson, L, Darragh, L, Bar, J, Matsos, L, and Sonnadara, R (2003). Changes in auditory cortex and the development of mismatch negativity between 2 and 6 months of age. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 51(1), 5-15 View Abstract Full text PDF

Schmidt, LA, Trainor, LJ, and Santesso, DL (2003). Development of frontal electroencephalogram (EEG) and heart rate (ECG) responses to affective musical stimuli during the first 12 months of post-natal life. Brain Cogn, 52(1), 27-32 View Abstract Full text PDF

Trainor, LJ, Shahin, A, and Roberts, LE (2003). Effects of musical training on the auditory cortex in children. Ann N Y Acad Sci, 999, 506-13 View Abstract Full text PDF

Shahin, A, Roberts, LE, and Trainor, LJ (2003). Enhancement of auditory cortical development by musical experience in children. Neuroreport, 15(12), 1917-21 View Abstract Full text PDF

Shahin, A, Bosnyak, DJ, Trainor, LJ, and Roberts, LE (2003). Enhancement of neuroplastic P2 and N1c auditory evoked potentials in musicians. J Neurosci, 23(13), 5545-52 View Abstract Full text PDF

Plantinga, J and Trainor, LJ (2003). Long-term memory for pitch in six-month-old infants. Ann N Y Acad Sci, 999, 520-1 View Abstract

Pantev, C, Ross, B, Fujioka, T, Trainor, LJ, Schulte, M, and Schulz, M (2003). Music and learning-induced cortical plasticity. Ann N Y Acad Sci, 999, 438-50 View Abstract

Trainor, LJ and Schmidt, LA (2003). Processing Emotions Induced by Music. In Isabelle Peretz and Robert J. Zatorre (Eds.), The Cognitive Neuroscience of Music (pp.310-324). Oxford: Oxford U. Press. View Abstract Full text PDF

2002

Trainor, LJ, McDonald, KL, and Alain, C (2002). Automatic and controlled processing of melodic contour and interval information measured by electrical brain activity. J Cogn Neurosci, 14(3), 430-42 View Abstract Full text PDF

Trainor, LJ and Desjardins, RN (2002). Pitch characteristics of infant-directed speech affect infants' ability to discriminate vowels. Psychon Bull Rev, 9(2), 335-40 View Abstract Full text PDF

Trainor, LJ, Tsang, CD, and Cheung, VHW (2002). Preference for Sensory Consonance in 2- and 4-Month-Old Infants. Music Perception, 20(2), 187-194 View Abstract Full text PDF

Anvari, SH, Trainor, LJ, Woodside, J, and Levy, BA (2002). Relations among musical skills, phonological processing, and early reading ability in preschool children. J Exp Child Psychol, 83(2), 111-30 View Abstract Full text PDF

Tsang, CD and Trainor, LJ (2002). Spectral slope discrimination in infancy: Sensitivity to socially important timbres. Infant Behavior and Development, 25(2), 183-194 View Abstract Full text PDF

2001

Trainor, LJ, McDonald, KL, and Alain, C (2001). Electrical brain activity associated with automatic and controlled processing of melodic contour and interval. Ann N Y Acad Sci, 930, 429-32 View Abstract

Trainor, LJ, McDonald, KL, and Alain, C (2001). Electrical brain activity associated with automatic and controlled processing of melodic contour and interval. In Robert J. Zatorre and Isabelle Peretz (Eds.), The Biological Foundations of Music (pp.429-432). Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. View Abstract

Tsang, CD, Trainor, LJ, Santesso, DL, Tasker, SL, and Schmidt, LA (2001). Frontal EEG Responses as a Function of Affective Musical Features. In Robert J. Zatorre and Isabelle Peretz (Eds.), The Biological Foundations of Music (pp.439-442). Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. View Abstract

Schmidt, LA and Trainor, LJ (2001). Frontal brain electrical activity (EEG) distinguishes valence and intensity of musical emotions. Cognition and Emotion, 15(4), 487-500 View Abstract Full text PDF

O'Neill, CT, Trainor, LJ, and Trehub, SE (2001). Infants' responsiveness to fathers' singing. Music Perception, 18(4), 409-425 View Abstract

Trainor, LJ, Samuel, SS, Desjardins, RN, and Sonnadara, RR (2001). Measuring temporal resolution in infants using mismatch negativity. Neuroreport, 12(11), 2443-8 View Abstract Full text PDF

2000

Trainor, LJ and Adams, B (2000). Infants' and adults' use of duration and intensity cues in the segmentation of tone patterns. Percept Psychophys, 62(2), 333-40 View Abstract Full text PDF

Trainor, LJ, Austin, CM, and Desjardins, RN (2000). Is infant-directed speech prosody a result of the vocal expression of emotion?. Psychol Sci, 11(3), 188-95 View Abstract Full text PDF

1999

Trainor, LJ, Desjardins, RN, and Rockel, C (1999). A comparison of contour and interval processing in musicians and non-musicians using event-related potentials. Australian Journal of Psychology, 51(3), 147-153 View Abstract Full text PDF

Rock, AM, Trainor, LJ, and Addison, TL (1999). Distinctive messages in infant-directed lullabies and play songs. Dev Psychol, 35(2), 527-34 View Abstract Full text PDF

Desjardins, RN, Trainor, LJ, Hevenor, SJ, and Polak, CP (1999). Using mismatch negativity to measure auditory temporal resolution thresholds. Neuroreport, 10(10), 2079-82 View Abstract Full text PDF

1998

Trainor, LJ and Zacharias, CA (1998). Infants prefer higher-pitched singing. Infant Behavior and Development, 21(4), 799-805 View Abstract Full text PDF

Pang, EW, Edmonds, GE, Desjardins, R, Khan, SC, Trainor, LJ, and Taylor, MJ (1998). Mismatch negativity to speech stimuli in 8-month-old infants and adults. Int J Psychophysiol, 29(2), 227-36 View Abstract Full text PDF

Trehub, SE and Trainor, LJ (1998). Singing to infants: Lullabies and playsongs. Advances in Infancy Research, 12, 43-77 View Abstract Full text PDF

Trainor, LJ and Heinmiller, BM (1998). The development of evaluative responses to music: Infants prefer to listen to consonance over dissonance. Infant Behavior and Development, 21(1), 77-88 View Abstract Full text PDF

1997

Trainor, LJ (1997). Effect of frequency ratio on infants' and adults' discrimination of simultaneous intervals. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform, 23(5), 1427-38 View Abstract Full text PDF

Trehub, SE, Unyk, AM, Kamenetsky, SB, Hill, DS, Trainor, LJ, Henderson, JL, and Saraza, M (1997). Mothers' and fathers' singing to infants. Dev Psychol, 33(3), 500-7 View Abstract Full text PDF

Trainor, LJ, Clark, ED, Huntley, A, and Adams, B (1997). The acoustic basis of preferences for infant-directed singing. Infant Behavior and Development, 20(3), 383-396 View Abstract Full text PDF

1996

Trainor, LJ (1996). Effects of harmonics on relative pitch discrimination in a musical context. Percept Psychophys, 58(5), 704-12 View Abstract Full text PDF

Trainor, LJ (1996). Infant preferences for infant-directed versus noninfant-directed playsongs and lullabies. Infant Behavior and Development, 19(1), 83–92 View Abstract Full text PDF

Schellenberg, EG and Trainor, LJ (1996). Sensory consonance and the perceptual similarity of complex-tone harmonic intervals: tests of adult and infant listeners. J Acoust Soc Am, 100(5), 3321-8 View Abstract Full text PDF

Trehub, SE, Schneider, BA, Trainor, LJ, and Morrongiello, BA (1996). Threshold Estimation in the Preschool Period: The PEST Procedure. Journal of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, 20, 173-179 View Abstract Full text PDF

1994

Trainor, LJ and Trehub, SE (1994). Key membership and implied harmony in Western tonal music: developmental perspectives. Percept Psychophys, 56(2), 125-32 View Abstract Full text PDF

1993

Trehub, SE, Unyk, AM, and Trainor, LJ (1993). Adults identify infant-directed music across cultures. Infant Behavior and Development, 16(2), 193-211 View Abstract Full text PDF

Trehub, SE and Trainor, LJ (1993). Listening strategies in infancy: The roots of language and musical development. In S. McAdams and E. Bigand (Eds.), Cognitive aspects of human audition (pp.278-327). London, UK: Oxford University Press. View Abstract Full text PDF

Trehub, SE, Unyk, AM, and Trainor, LJ (1993). Maternal singing in cross-cultural perspective. Infant Behavior and Development, 16(3), 285-295 View Abstract Full text PDF

Trehub, SE, Trainor, LJ, and Unyk, AM (1993). Music and speech processing in the first year of life. Adv Child Dev Behav, 24, 1-35 View Abstract Full text PDF

Trainor, LJ and Trehub, SE (1993). Musical context effects in infants and adults: key distance. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform, 19(3), 615-26 View Abstract Full text PDF

Trainor, LJ and Trehub, SE (1993). What mediates infants' and adults' superior processing of the major over the augmented triad?. Music Perception, 11(2), 185-196 View Abstract Full text PDF

1992

Trainor, LJ and Trehub, SE (1992). A comparison of infants' and adults' sensitivity to western musical structure. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform, 18(2), 394-402 View Abstract Full text PDF

Unyk, AM, Trehub, SE, Trainor, LJ, and Schellenberg, EG (1992). Lullabies and simplicity: A cross-cultural perspective. Psychology of Music, 20(1), 15-28 View Abstract Full text PDF

Trehub, SE and Trainor, LJ (1992). The development of referential meaning in music. Music Perception, 9(4), 455-470 View Abstract Full text PDF

1990

Trehub, SE, Thorpe, LA, and Trainor, LJ (1990). Infants' perception of good and bad melodies. Psychomusicology, 9(1), 5-19 View Abstract Full text PDF

Trehub, SE and Trainor, LJ (1990). Rules for listening in infancy. In James T. Enns (Eds.), The development of attention: Research and theory (pp.87-119). North-Holland: Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. View Abstract Full text PDF

1989

Trainor, LJ and Trehub, SE (1989). Aging and auditory temporal sequencing: ordering the elements of repeating tone patterns. Percept Psychophys, 45(5), 417-26 View Abstract Full text PDF

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